Gérer la légende (caption) des figures

Une solution simple est d'utiliser la variante étoilée de \captionof avec \frenchfigurename.

Il ne faut pas oublier d'enfermer la figure avec sa légende dans une boite.

ECM

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\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} 
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\renewcommand*\frenchfigurename{\scshape Montage}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage[european , straightvoltages , RPvoltages ]{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{babel}
\begin{document}
\section*{Exercice1 :}
blablablabla blablablabla blablablabla blablablabla
\noindent\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
\centering
\begin{circuitikz}[european][voltage dir=RP]
    \draw (0,1.3) to [short,*-] (0,2) to [battery1] (3,2)--(3,0) to [lamp] (0,0) to [short,-*] (0,0.8);
    \draw[line width=1pt] (0.2,1.3)--(0,0.8);
\end{circuitikz}
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\captionof{figure}{}
\end{minipage}
\section*{Exercice2 :}
blablablabla blablablabla blablablabla blablablabla
\noindent\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
\centering
\begin{circuitikz}[european][voltage dir=RP]
    \draw (0,1.3) to [short,*-] (0,2) to [battery1] (3,2)--(3,0) to [lamp] (0,0) to [short,-*] (0,0.8);
    \draw[line width=1pt] (0.2,1.3)--(0,0.8);
\end{circuitikz}
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\captionof*{figure}{\frenchfigurename\ 1}
\end{minipage}
 
 
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