Voici une solution.
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[french]{babel}
\documentclass[10pt,french]{article}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[a4paper,left=20mm,right=20mm,top=15mm,bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\DecimalMathComma % pour les virgules dans les nombres
\begin{document}
\[
\left\{
\begin{array}{lll}
\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2}-\alpha_{3}=0\\
\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{3}=0\\
\alpha_{1}+\alpha_{2}=0\\
\end{array}
\right.\implies
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
\alpha_{1}-\alpha_{2}-\alpha_{3}=0\\
\alpha_{1}=-\alpha_{2}\\
\alpha_{1}=\alpha_{3}\\
\end{array}
\right.
\implies
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
\alpha_{1}=0\\
\alpha_{2}=0\\
\alpha_{3}=0\\
\end{array}
\right.
\]
\end{document}